About a year ago I met a freegan. I found him in a online forum of British dumpster divers. I'd asked for help learning to dumpster dive, and he was visiting Manchester, so we arranged to meet up. He was suspicious in case I was an undercover journalist or a police officer, so I knew him only as M.
We met at 11am, outside a train station. He was wearing quirky-yet-stylish glasses and a smart lime-green raincoat. On his back was a large rucksack holding all his worldly possessions, including a laptop. He told me he felt a bit bourgeois for owning a laptop. Recently, he'd become a born again Christian.
First we went to the bins behind a Co-op. M told me he'd show me the bins, but I'd be the one foraging through them. He was the best kind of teacher, one who forces you to do things yourself. I was terrified, but I opened the bin. I didn't have to forage far. Almost instantly, I found a bunch of bananas and a pack of Nestle Munch Bunch yoghurts. Usually, I boycott Nestle products. But these were Nestle products going to landfill. I snaffled the bananas and yoghurts into my backpack.
Bananas are the staple of a freegan's diet. Because of our obsession with pristine fruit, and to keep their profits high, supermarkets throw away millions of tonnes of bananas every year. M's conversion to freeganism started with bananas. Recently homeless, and searching some skips for food, he found a skip full of bananas. This was not a household-size skip that you see on the roadside outside the homes of people having an extension built. This was a whopping industrial skip, like the ones at your local council's rubbish dump. Full to the brim with crates and crates of ripe bananas, thrown out by a supermarket.
Next, M took me to a Tesco. We were lucky at this Tesco: the bin was neither locked nor covered by CCTV cameras. It's rare to find a Tesco bin with such lax security. The bin was, however, in a busy car park. As I opened the bin and dove down inside, some nearby shoppers shouted and jeered abuse. At the bottom of the bin was a dustbin sack full with pastries. I quickly grabbed two croissants and some cinnamon swirls - I wasn't bold enough to spend time taking more. This was shocking. One bin, at one small city supermarket. At least 50 pastries - still fresh and perfectly edible - being sent to landfill.
I had struck two bins at small supermarkets on a random morning. Both were brimming with food.
Why so much waste? With billions of people starving in the world, and a looming global famine, why so much waste? According to the
UK Freegans, there are a range of reasons:
- The packaging has been damaged or soiled.
- The food is part of a case which has had one or two items damaged or soiled
- The food is nearing (or has passed) the sell-by or use-by dates. Often products are thrown out when the sell-by date expires, which means that perfectly edible/usable products that have not reached their use-by date are being wasted.
- The food did not sell quickly enough before a fresh shipment arrived.
- Seasonal-specific branding (e.g Christmas wrapping; Easter eggs etc.).
- On a similar note, if a product line is withdrawn, or the branding is evolved to incorporate a new 'image', or new marketing strategy, this may be another reason that perfectly usable items are thrown out. New or experimental product lines that fail to sell are discarded in this way.
- Competitions on the packaging..
- Supermarkets weigh up their decision-making, not on 'best use of resources' but using economic criteria. They often believe that the amount of money it would cost them to recycle is not economical.
UK Freegans conclude: "The main reason items are thrown out is due to selfishness, greed and short-term thinking, which leads to the irrational nature underlying many, if not all, of the reasons cited above."
M saw no contradiction between his lifestyle as a freegan and his Christian faith. I did not ask him in depth how he connected the two aspects of his life, but I have thought about it often since then.
In biblical times, all poor people were freegans. Widows who no longer had a husband to provide for them - this was a patriarchal society - took surplus food from farmers' fields for free. Likewise the fatherless, and refugees and immigrants. In the Bible we read of Ruth, a Moabite immigrant who arrived in ancient Israel at the time of the barley harvest. To survive, she followed the barley reapers, gleaning the grain they'd missed.
Didn't they shout at her? Didn't they call her names? Wasn't there a locked gate on the barleyfield, or CCTV to catch her in her crime?
No. The owner of the barley field came and blessed Ruth as she worked. "The Lord be with you," he said, as Anglican priests say today to their congregations. Ruth ends up marrying this man, Boaz. Imagine that today as a newspaper headline: "Sainsbury's Local store manager marries immigrant caught stealing food from store bin".
How could such a thing happen? It happened because Jewish law demanded it. On their journey from Egypt to the Promised Land, Moses told the Israelites: "When you reap your harvest in your field, and forget a sheaf in the field, you shall not go back to get it; it shall be for the immigrant, the fatherless, and the widow, that the Lord may bless you in all the work of your hands." No wonder Boaz blessed her. By taking the waste from his field, Ruth was bringing to him the Lord's blessing on all his work.
Here is a word for supermarket managers. If, instead of hiding your waste food in locked bins, you use it to throw a party in the streets for the homeless, the refugees, and the fatherless, God will bless you.
But more than that, it is a word for all of us.
It is a word for those of us who claim it is 'our country' and how dare any immigrants come along and have a share of the pie we have baked? If you are to have any pie at all, God replies, remember that the pie is actually mine, and make sure you give a good share to the immigrants. Some social commentators give God's answer to the pie question differently but equally poignantly. Who would do the menial and messy jobs, the toilet cleaning, the street sweeping, the shoe shining, if the immigrants did not? How would our economy work at all if it wasn't for humble people who by circumstance have been forced into the jobs that by some grotesque twist of the collective imagination, we have come to see as below us?
It is a word for those of us who work hard for every penny we earn and are outraged at the charity huggers in the city streets with their clipboards asking us to share our money with the outcasts and marginalised of our society.
It is a word, too, for those of us who believe we have a right to own a laptop, and a TV, to live in heated homes with clean running water, rather than recognizing that these are bourgeoisie privileges, granted to only a small minority of the people who live in this world.
For Christian believers, the word is yet more still. The Word, we are told, came and dwelt among us. And because the Word came and dwelt among us, we were able to see a deeper truth. We came to know that it is we, the followers of the Word, who are strangers and aliens, sojourners and pilgrims. We Christians are all immigrants in this world, and we are called to live as such.
This means, firstly, we are all like Ruth and M. We are all freegans. Our lives and everything that we have in the world we live are gifts to us, given freely by God. We are called not to be greedy with these gifts, but to ensure that all people are given an adequate and fair share, even those last to arrive to glean at the barley field.
Secondly, that our true citizenship is in the kingdom of heaven. As ambassadors of Christ, we are called to bring the reality of this kingdom, of our true home, of justice, peace, and joy for all people, as much as possible into the world in which we live.
Thirdly, we are to choose humility. We are to take the jobs that the world, through some groteque twist of the collective imagination, sees as menial and messy: washing feet, hospitality to the homeless, embracing the people we view as dirty and unclean with a hug, a smile, a healing touch, and a listening ear.
M was right, I think, to see no contradiction between his freeganism and his Christianity. In fact, I think freegans are a lot like Christians. "Freeganism is about climbing out of the socio-economic system and living with a new motivation," the UK freegans explain. Or, as St. Paul puts it, "If anyone is in Christ, he, or she, is a new creation; old things have passed away, behold, all things have become new", and elsewhere, "do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind".
In the book of Acts, we read how the very first church members shared "all things in common". There wasn't "anyone among them who lacked" because they distributed their possessions "as anyone had need" .
And the freegans? "Rather than working for money, as in the current system, freegans occupy their time giving and receiving for free."
Bible Passages Used: Ruth 1-2, Deuteronomy 24:19, 1 Peter 2:11, Philippians 3:20, 2 Corinthians 5:17, Romans 2:12, Acts 4:32-35
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